本书论述了会话语篇中语用标记语的性质和功能。作者构建了一个新的概念框架,旨在系统地描述语用标记语在言语交际中的普遍使用以及交际者如何运用语用标记语这一言语策略达到双边最佳交际。

本书适合语言专业研究生、高校教师研究参考使用。

本书论述了会话语篇中语用标记语的性质和功能。作者构建了一个新的概念框架,旨在系统地描述语用标记语在言语交际中的普遍使用以及交际者如何运用语用标记语这一言语策略达到双边最佳交际。

在综合博弈论、语用学和语篇分析等理论的重要概念、研究方法和成果的基础上,作者提出了一个三维概念框架:动态合作、交互连贯、双边最佳交际以阐释语用标记语的多功能性及其运作机制。

本书的理论核心在于人类交际活动的多面性和语用标记语对话语意义表达和阐释的语境制约。鉴于言语交际的不确定性和动态性,交际双方在交际过程中必须及时调整交际策略,包括语言策略,以便正确识别彼此的交际意图。实际上,交际双方通常相互配合、共同努力以取得有利于各自的最佳交际效果。我们认为最佳交际效果是一个交际目标多元化的平衡体。语用标记语作为交际策略或修辞手段在言语交际中十分常见,并且有助于会话语篇中话语的交互连贯。

语用学主要研究语言的使用,作者从语用学角度论述了语用标记语的意义不确定性及其在具体交际语境中的多重功能。我们认为交际中话语所表达的信息是多层次的,因而对话语意义的理解不是一个简单的信息解码过程,而是涉及逻辑推理和语境作用的一个比较复杂的过程。说话人常常借助于语用标记语直接或间接表明其意图;听话人则借助于语用标记语快速明白话语的多层意义并予以得体的应答。研究还表明,不论是叙述还是论证,交际者都会使用语用标记语表明自己的意图和态度。总之,语用标记语不仅是话语显意和会话含义的标记符,而且同时具有概念性和程序性制约功能。

本书的语料主要选自日常会话以及英语和汉语的媒体访谈节目。因为在电视、广播访谈节目中主持人和嘉宾的角色相对固定,有利于定量和定性分析会话中语用标记语的特征和功能。作者通过例证分析表明语用标记语的功能多样性和交际目标的多面性密切相关。语用标记语有助于语篇连贯和组织,有利于改善人际关系以及调整交际策略。语用标记语的功能和作用受制于交际中不同语境因素的制约。

Acknowledgements

Abstract

A List of Abbreviations and Symbols

A List of Tables and Figures

Chapter One Introduction

Preliminary Remarks

 1.1 Broad Preview

 1.2 Remaining Issues in Previous Studies

 1.3 Rationale of the Present Research

 1.4 Objective of the Current Study

 1.5 Description of the Target Data

 1.6 The Organization of the Book

Chapter Two Literature Review

 2.1 Diversified Terminology

 2.2 Various Perspectives on Pragmatic Markers

2.2.1 Pragmatic Markers and Logic-syntactic Structure

2.2.2 Pragmatic Markers and Discourse Coherence

2.2.3 Pragmatic Markers and Relevance Theory

2.2.4 Pragmatic Markers from a Pragmatic Perspective

 2.3 Summary

Chapter Three Theoretical Framework

 3.1 Theoretical Grounds for the Research Approach

3.1.1 Game Theory and the Application of Its Ideas

3.1.2 Pragmatic Studies on Implicature

3.1.3 Discourse Analysis and the Main Issues

 3.2 Description of the Conceptual Framework

3.2.1 Dynamic Collaboration

3.2.2 Interactive Coherence

3.2.3 Bilateral Optimalization

 3.3 Summary

Chapter Four Properties of Pragmatic Markers

 4.1 Identification of Pragmatic Markers

4.1.1 Previous Definitions of Pragmatic Markers

4.1.2 Operational Definition of Pragmatic Markers

 4.2 Distinctive Features of Pragmatic Markers

 4.3 Taxonomies of Pragmatic Markers

4.3.1 Interaction Initiating Markers

4.3.2 Sequential Markers

4.3.3 Attitudinal Markers

4.3.4 Illocutionary Force Markers

4.3.5 Tactic Markers

4.3.6 Information Intensifying Markers

4.3.7 Interim Summary

 4.4 Interpretative Orientation of Pragmatic Markers

 4.5 Pragmatic Markers and Inference of Explicatures and Implicatures

4.5.1 Distinction of the Explicit/Implicit, Explicature/Implicature

4.5.2 Conceptual and Procedural Meanings of Pragmatic Markers

4.5.3 Pragmatic Markers and Constraints on Implicature

 4.6 Summary

Chapter Five Pragmatic Markers in Interactive Discourse

 5.1 Pragmatic Markers as Devices of Discourse Coherence in Interaction

5.1.1 Pragmatic Markers Signaling Conversational Development

5.1.2 Pragmatic Markers Functioning as Information Management Devices

5.1.3 Pragmatic Markers Highlighting Interpersonal Relationship

5.1.4 Pragmatic Markers Conveying Communicative Attitude

 5.2 Multifunctionality of Pragmatic Markers

 5.3 Distribution of Pragmatic Markers in Argumentative Discourse

 5.4 Summary

Chapter Six Factors Influencing the Use of Pragmatic Markers

 6.1 Social Variables

6.1.1 Interaction Situation

6.1.2 Speaker Role

6.1.3 Speech Community

 6.2 Speech Genre

 6.3 Cultural Values

 6.4 Summary

Chapter Seven Conclusion

 7.1 Summary of the Major Findings

7.1.1 Findings Relating to the Dynamic Process of Verbal Interaction

7.1.2 Findings Concerning Pragmatic Markers in Interactive Discourse

 7.2 Implications and Applications

 7.3 Limitations of the Present Study

 7.4 Suggestions for Further Research

Appendix 1

Appendix 2

BIBLIOGRAPHYs