人工智能作为新一轮科技革命和产业变革的重要驱动力量，将对各国科技、经济、社会的发展及国际竞争格局等产生重大而深远的影响。为客观评价全球主要国家的人工智能发展态势，科技部新一代人工智能发展研究中心联合北京大学成立了全球人工智能创新指数研究组，开展全球人工智能创新指数研究工作，每年组织撰写《全球人工智能创新指数报告》，依据科学合理的指标体系对全球主要国家和地区的人工智能创新发展情况进行量化评估。

第一章　人工智能创新指数指标体系. ...........................................................1一、现有评价体系与共性指标. ................................................................................... 1二、全球人工智能创新指数体系设计....................................................................... 3（一）概念模型. .................................................................................................3（二）设计特点. .................................................................................................5（三）指标体系. .................................................................................................6（四）参评国家. .................................................................................................7第二章　全球人工智能创新指数评价综合结果.............................................9一、总体排名................................................................................................................ 9二、四大梯队.............................................................................................................. 12（一）第一梯队：美中依旧领先，保持全球前二水平.................................12（二）第二梯队：综合能力相近，各具特色创新优势.................................17（三）第三梯队：创新基础良好，创新效率有待提高.................................25（四）第四梯队：整体水平落后，个别国家有所进步.................................30第三章　人工智能基础支撑........................................................................36一、人工智能基础支撑总体情况............................................................................. 36（一）2022年整体情况...................................................................................36（二）各地区组别概况. ...................................................................................38（三）各经济发展水平组别概况....................................................................42（四）参评国家 2019.—.2022年变化情况......................................................43二、人工智能计算基础. ............................................................................................. 47（一）数据中心保有率. ...................................................................................48（二）全球 TOP.500超算中心占比...............................................................52（三）人均发电量. ...........................................................................................56（四）开放数据指数. .......................................................................................60三、人工智能网络基础. ............................................................................................. 64（一）移动蜂窝电话订阅率............................................................................64（二）互联网使用率. .......................................................................................67（三）固定宽带订阅率. ...................................................................................70（四）5G建设水平. .........................................................................................73第四章　人工智能创新资源与环境.............................................................77一、人工智能创新资源与环境总体情况................................................................. 77（一）2022年整体情况...................................................................................77（二）各地区组别概况. ...................................................................................80（三）各经济发展水平组别概况....................................................................84（四）2019.—.2022年参评国家变化情况.......................................................86二、人工智能人才. ..................................................................................................... 90（一）人工智能很好学者人口参与率. ............................................................90（二）人工智能开源代码贡献量....................................................................95（三）人工智能高收藏量开源代码占比. ........................................................96三、人工智能教育. ..................................................................................................... 99（一）高水平人工智能核心专业开设率. ........................................................99（二）全日制科学和工程博士生占比. ..........................................................103（三）PISA测试成绩. ....................................................................................106四、国家研发投入. ................................................................................................... 108五、人工智能创新制度. ........................................................................................... 110（一）国家人工智能发展政策与规划. ..........................................................111 （二）国家人工智能社会治理......................................................................114第五章　人工智能科技研发......................................................................117一、人工智能科技研发总体情况........................................................................... 117（一）2022年整体情况.................................................................................118（二）各地区组别概况. .................................................................................120（三）各经济发展水平组别概况..................................................................124（四）2019.—.2022年参评国家变化情况.....................................................125二、人工智能学术论文. ........................................................................................... 128（一）人均人工智能论文产出量..................................................................129（二）人工智能很好论文量..........................................................................133（三）人工智能全球 TOP.100高被引论文占比. .........................................136三、人工智能专利. ................................................................................................... 138（一）人均人工智能专利申请量..................................................................138（二）人均人工智能专利授权量..................................................................141（三）人均 5G专利申请量...........................................................................146（四）人均 5G专利授权量...........................................................................146第六章　人工智能产业与应用. ..................................................................152一、人工智能产业与应用总体情况....................................................................... 152（一）2022年整体情况.................................................................................152（二）各地区组别概况. .................................................................................154（三）各经济发展水平组别概况..................................................................159（四）参评国家 2019.—.2022年变化情况....................................................160二、人工智能产业. ................................................................................................... 163（一）人工智能企业数量..............................................................................164（二）人工智能企业平均融资金额..............................................................168（三）人工智能上市企业数量......................................................................171（四）人工智能从业人员人口参与率. ..........................................................173 三、人工智能应用. ................................................................................................... 175（一）集成电路盈利水平..............................................................................176（二）物联网 TOP.100企业占比.................................................................178第七章　人工智能国际化. .........................................................................181一、人工智能国际化总体情况. ............................................................................... 181二、人工智能标准和学术研究国际化................................................................... 183（一）人工智能国际标准组织参与度. ..........................................................183（二）人工智能国际联盟参与度..................................................................184（三）人工智能全球很好会议参与度. ..........................................................187第八章　全球人工智能发展主要趋势观察. ................................................190一、政策制度环境日益完善. ................................................................................... 190二、基础设施建设持续推进. ................................................................................... 191三、人工智能产业进程加快. ................................................................................... 192四、人工智能赋能科学研究. ................................................................................... 193第九章　中国人工智能创新发展情况分析. ................................................194一、总体位势............................................................................................................ 194二、发展成效............................................................................................................ 197三、创新挑战............................................................................................................ 198附录　全球人工智能创新指数各国概况....................................................199